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Hidden Functions in "Aqua"
To see the hidden "Restart" option: press Option while accessing the Special menu in the Public Beta. (This command is not required in the retail release, where the command can be found in the Apple menu). You can invoke this command from the keyboard, too. Command+Q brings up a Shutdown dialog. By pressing Option+R, the Restart option is invoked. (Esc cancels.) Most other functions have keyboard shortcuts, e.g, Logout = Option+L while in the Quit dialog.
To see "Arrange in Front" option: press Option while accessing the Window menu.
Command+Option+W changes "Close" to "Close All," much as it does under previous Mac OS versions.
Option + empty Trash = Empties Trash without warning.
Double-click a window's Title Bar = Minimize current window (with "genie" effect).
Option+click Desktop = Hides current foreground app (without "genie" effect). Once hidden, clicking its Dock icon or selecting the app using Command+Tab restores it to the foreground.
Option+click on an open application. The open application's window will be brought to the front and any open Finder windows will be hidden, but all other visible applications remain visible. (Attribution: MacFixIt.)
Option+minimize minimizes all open windows. Option double-clicking the title bar also minimizes all windows.
"Slow Motion" Mode = Holding the Shift key while minimizing windows or restoring minimized icons. Holding Ctrl+Shift while minimizing or restoring slows the effect down even further.
Command+Tab = cycles through open tasks, shading their icons in the Dock.
Command+click an icon in the Dock = reveals its icon in the Finder window (similar to performing a Command+R on an alias in the Finder in OS 9).
Command+Option+click on an app in the Dock hides all other open apps and windows.
Command+Option+Escape = Brings up the "Force Quit" dialog. Useful when Classic apps freeze -- a not uncommon occurrence.
Try also: Command+cursor keys. Command+Cursor Up opens the Finder's Library window. Command+Cursor Down shows the Finder window for icons on the Desktop. If a desktop icon (etc.) is selected, Command+Cursor Down invokes it.
When booting the computer:
If you have both OSes installed on the same drive, but on different partitions, you can choose which one you want to boot by holding down the "option" key at startup time.
v = verbose mode. Shows Unix processes
s = single user mode (also accessible via Option+Shift+1)
c = boot from CD
Command+Option+O+F = show Open Firmware options screen.
There are many options, including (but not limited to):
boot
setenv boot-args cpus=1
setenv boot-args cpus=2
bye
shut-down
boot-mac
Terminal Tips:
* Mac OS X contains a built-in Firewall. Unfortunately, there is no graphical interface. To configure it, you'll have to use the Terminal and Unix commands. An article at http://wopr.norad.org/articles/firewall/ describes the procedure.
* "man," the online user manual, has a searchable index. Try 'man -k postscript' or any other keyword.
* Type 'man man' to see a description of the various other options for 'man'
* Alternatively, see the HTML versions of the MacOS X man pages
* The 'catman' command builds a 'whatis' database for the 'man' pages. With it, you can do simple searches of the database using the terminal commands 'apropos' and 'whatis' (Props to Alex Smith for this tip.)
* You can navigate to a filename in the Finder and then drag it to the Terminal to avoid typing long paths. This can be useful when using commands such as cd or tar.
* Because the root account has unrestricted access to the system and thus could easily damage the system, Apple has restricted access to the root account in the retail release of OS X. To enable it:
1. Open a terminal window.
2. type sudo /bin/tcsh.
3. enter your user password (not the root password, which you haven't set yet).
4. type passwd root.
5. enter the password you want to use for root.
6. you can now use your root account as you normally would, i.e., from a login window, or by typing su root in a terminal window.
(Thanks to Savage Transcendental for this tip.)
Alternatively, you can use the GUI interface of the NetInfo Manager to enable this feature.
MacWrite's Trevor Harrison details the commands needed to install Apache and PHP in Mac OS X: The Undiscovered Country: Turning Mac OS X into a Lean Mean Webserving Machine Part III.
Compatibility issues (and success stories) with Mac OS X:
* FreeHand 9 will run if you remove the 'carb' resource with a tool such as ResEdit. Macromedia has announced a native OS X version of FreeHand 10, expected to ship in May.
* No sound from the audio out minijack? Try unplugging it. If you have a Mac model with a headphone jack accessible on the front of the machine, try plugging it in there for audio out that works under OS X. (We didn't need to do this on our test system, by the way.)
* "Classic" apps can utilize a PPP connection to the Internet in the retail release of OS X. This was not possible with the Public Beta of OS X without the use of a tool called PortReflector. With it, Classic applications could access the Internet via the Public Beta's PPP connection. Apple made changes to the code in build K-60 and later releases allowing Classic apps to directly access a PPP connection. There is, however a bug in Mac OS X's TCP Header Compression feature that causes PPP problems during dialup connections.
We've had good results from Ryan Rempel's Unsupported UtilityX for OS X (known as UUX for short). With version 2.0 of this tool, we successfully installed OS X 10.1 on a PowerMac 7300. It works on most other pre-G3 PCI Macs, too. It is simple to use, requiring only three additional mouse clicks. We did, however, have to temporarily disconnect an external SCSI drive in order to get it to run successfully. You may also have to pull secondary video cards and/or connect your monitor (or a VGA adapter, according to Rempel) to an internal video port to see what's going on during the installation. There are, of course, some gotchas: the floppy drive can't be recognized under OS X, and you may find that third-part USB or FireWire adapters don't work the way Apple's models do on a supported machine. Get it here.
To use classic Internet applications under Mac OS X, do this:
* Go into System Preferences, select Network and then PPP.
* Click on PPP options.
* Uncheck "Use TCP Header Compression."
* Save changes.
* The above issue notwithstanding, the Classic environment in Mac OS X does support Internet functionality. We successfully used a DSL connection to surf the Web with the Mac OS 9 version of Netscape Communicator (version 4.73) and Internet Explorer 5 running in Mac OS X's Classic mode. Incidentally, the Classic version of IE 5 is faster than the OS X version of IE5.1 bundled with OS X.
* You can "tear off" the Classic Mode's Applications menu, too -- it shows apps running in both the Classic and OS X environments and is still visible and fully functional in the OS X environment.
* All aspects of Apple's iTools are fully functional under Mac OS X except the KidSafe feature. An iDrive is displayed right on the Mac OS X desktop when mounted. Moreover, iTools mail accounts now support the IMAP protocol.
* Audio CDs are also displayed on the Desktop and the audio tracks are shown as AIFF files. Double-clicking these files or dragging them to the Music Player (or, if you prefer, the QuickTime Player) plays them. You can also copy these audio files to your hard drive, although such an operation is likely to interrupt your music playback, as it did on our dual G4/500 test system. So much for "true" multitasking.
* Mac OS X can directly use TrueType fonts from a Windows PC. Just drag them into the fonts folder of the user(s) you want to have access to them. You can also use the Classic environment's FontSync Profiler utility, if you wish.
* Oddly, the Classic version of QuickTime Player runs a bit faster than the OS X-native version. Give it a try for optimal movie playback. The DivX ;-) Player for Mac also works.
* FWB's RealPC and SoftWindows 95/98 work, allowing Mac OS X in Classic mode to run most apps designed for Windows 95/98. Connectix's Virtual PC and Lismore's Blue Label Power Emulator, however, do not run. Connectix says a version of Virtual PC that supports OS X is in the works.
* Although printing support under OS X is limited, a clever -- albeit somewhat complicated -- hack that enables several models of USB printers (including the 8xx series and the 9xx series of USB HP printers) to work on the Mac is described at X Appeal.org, in an article entitled "Enabling Printing Under Mac OS X."
* It is possible, at least for the technically inclined, to run VNC under Mac OS X. With this tool, you can run an X-windows session locally, allowing the use of X-windows apps compiled on MacOS X using the developer tools and the XFree86 libraries.Even more intriguingly, you can view and control the screen of another computer running the VNC Server software (also free) anywhere on the Internet, running Linux or nearly any version of Windows.
Aqua Interface Customization:
* Miss the Apple Menu? www.classicmenu.com provides a Mac OS X-native replacement for this Classic Mac feature.
* You can alter a folder's icon the same way it is done in 8 or 9: select the icon, "Show Inspector" and paste a new icon into place.
* Drag a folder icon to the right side of the Dock to simulate the "pop-up" folder behavior of Mac OS 8 or 9.
* Similarly, drag the icons of any applications you use frequently to the left side of the Dock.
* OS X Talk notes that the first Aqua replacement is now available. It's kinda ugly, but Mac OS X themes are a reality!
* Dock Poofs - You can customize the effect you see when dragging an item out of the dock
* The Dock is moveable in the Retail release. (This tip does not work on the Public Beta.) Here's how...
* The famous Genie Effect is customizable, with undocumented "suck" and "scale" effects. A GUI utility called "Tinker Tool" provides a simple way to change these settings. It will also let you create translucent terminal windows.
To Turn Off Anti-Aliasing in OS X Carbon Apps:
[Attribution: comp.sys.mac.sys]
Make a .OpenStep directory in your home directory
then a file called "environment" in it containing :
QDTEXT_ANTIALIASING=0; QD_MINSIZE=18
Direct quote from http://www.macbuyersguide.com/software/system/MacOSX-Tips.htm
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